The linkage between competitive intelligence and competitive advantage in emerging market business: A case in the commercial vehicle industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37380/jisib.v10i3.638Keywords:
Competitive advantage, competitive intelligence, firm performanceAbstract
To achieve competitive advantage (CA) in emerging markets (EM) firms are
suggested to increase market orientation, using competitive intelligence (CI) as a source to
increase firm performance. However, in-depth linkage between CA and CI, as well as its
awareness/culture and process/structure constructs, has been researched and understood only
in a limited way in general and for EM business in particular. This paper gives in-depth
clarification of six research questions relating to the connection between CI, its constructs and
CA for EM business as well as how CI as a product/process could be adapted for a larger impact
on CA. It reports on a qualitative, document and interview data based in-depth single case study
at a CI department of a European Union (EU) commercial vehicle manufacturer engaging in
EM business. It finds that overall the linkage of CI for CA was traceable and transparent to
users/generators of CI in the specific case with ambiguously perceived limitations, and
influenced by seven identified factors. Seven out of eight pre-identified CI constructs were
promoted but also heterogeneously understood as contributing to CA, with no other relevant
constructs identifiable. Adaptions for more impact on CA were recommended for CI as a product
in a limited sense, and as a process with eight potential levers more comprehensively. These
results help businesses to improve CI, its constructs, its products and process for a better
linkage to CA and firm performance.
References
Abu Amuna, Y. M., Al Shobaki, M. J. & Abu
Naser, S. S. (2017) Strategic Environmental
Scanning: an Approach for Crises
Management. Information Technology &
Electrical Engineering, 6(3), 28-34.
Adegbile, A., Sarpong, D. & Meissner, D. (2017)
Strategic Foresight for Innovation
Management: A Review and Research
Agenda. International Journal of Innovation
and Technology Management, 14(4), 1-34.
Adidam, P. T., Banerjee, M. & Shukla, P. (2012)
Competitive Intelligence and Firm's
Performance in Emerging Markets: An
Exploratory Study in India. Journal of
Business and Industrial Marketing, 27(3),
-254.
Ahmadi, M., Baei, F., Hosseini-Amiri, S.-M.,
Moarefi, A., Suifan, T. S. & Sweis, R. (2020)
Proposing a Model of Manager's Strategic
Intelligence, Organization Development, and
Entrepreneurial Behavior in Organizations.
Journal of Management Development, Vol.
ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.
Alasuutari, P., Bickman, L. & Brannen, J. (Eds.)
(2008) The SAGE Handbook of Social
Research Methods. London (UK): Sage
Publications Ltd.
Alnoukari, M., Razouk, R. & Hanano, A. (2016)
BSC-SI, A Framework for Integrating
Strategic Intelligence in Corporate Strategic
Management. International Journal of
Strategic Information Technology and
Application, 7(1), 1-14.
Ansoff, H.I. (1965) Corporate strategy: An
Analytic Approach to Business Policy for
Growth and Expansion. New York (US):
McGraw-Hill.
April, K. & Bessa, J. (2006) A Critique of the
Strategic CI Process within a Global Energy
MNC. Problems and Perspectives in
Management, 4(2), 86-99.
Arcosa, R. (2016) Public Relations Strategic
Intelligence: Intelligence Analysis,
Communication and Influence. Public
Relations Review, 42(2), 264-270.
Asghari, S., Targholi, S., Kazemi, A., Shahriyari,
S. & Rajabion, L. (2020) A New Conceptual
Framework for Identifying the Factors
Influencing the Effectiveness of Competitive
Intelligence. Competitiveness Review, Vol.
ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print.
Ashton, W.B. & Stacey, G.S. (1995) Technical
Intelligence in Business: Understanding
Technology Threats and Opportunity.
International Journal of Technology
Management, 10(1), 79-104.
Badr, A., Madden, E. & Wright S. (2006) The
Contribution of CI to the SDM Process:
Empirical Study of the European
Pharmaceutical Industry. Journal of
Competitive Intelligence and Management,
(4), 15-35.
Barakat, H.J., Shatnawi, H.A. & Ismail, S.T.
(2016) The Role of Marketing Information
Systems in Reducing the Effects of the
International Financial Crisis: A Study
Applied on the Banks Working in the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia from Islamic Perspective.
International Journal of Marketing Studies,
(1), 181-190.
Barnea, A. (2014) Competitive Intelligence in the
Defense Industry: A Perspective from Israel –
A Case study analysis. Journal of Intelligence
Studies in Business, 4(2), 91-111.
Baxter, P. & Jack, S. (2008) Qualitative Case
Study Methodology: Study Design and
Implementation for Novice Researchers. The
Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544-559.
Ben-Haim, Y. (2018) Positivism and its
Limitations for Strategic Intelligence: A Non-
Constructivist Info-Gap Critique. Journal
Intelligence and National Security, 33(6), 904-
Beverland, M. & Lindgreen, A. (2007)
Implementing Market Orientation in
Industrial Firms: A Multiple Case Study.
Industrial Marketing Management, 36(4),
–442.
Bisson, C. (2014) Exploring Competitive
Intelligence Practices of French Local Public
Agricultural Organisations. Journal of
Intelligence Studies in Business, 4(2), 5-29.
Bose, R. (2008) Competitive Intelligence Process
and Tools for Intelligence Analysis. Industrial
Management and Data Systems, 10(4), 510-
Bowen, G. A. (2009) Document Analysis as a
Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative
Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40.
Brereton, P., Kitchenham, B., Budgen, D. & Li, Z.
(2008) Using a Protocol Template for Case
Study Planning. 12th International
Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in
Software Engineering (EASE). Bari (Italy):
University of Bari.
Brody, R., & Wright, S. (2008) Issues in Defining
Competitive Intelligence: An Exploration.
Journal of Competitive Intelligence, 4(3), 3-16.
Buechner, A. G. & Mulvenna, M. D. (1998)
Discovering Internet Marketing Intelligence
Through Online Analytical Web Usage
Mining. ACM SIGMOD Record, 27(4), 54-61.
Calof, J. L. & Wright, S. (2008) Competitive
Intelligence a Practitioner, Academic and
Inter-Disciplinary Perspective. European
Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 717-730.
Calof, J., Mirabeau, L. & Richards, G. (2015)
Towards an Environmental Awareness Model
Integrating Formal And Informal
Mechanisms – Lessons Learned From The
Demise of Nortel. Journal of Intelligence
Studies in Business, 5(1), 57-69.
Case firm (2010b) Emerging market budget
segment heavy duty trucks project briefing and
final presentation. Unpublished document.
Case firm (2011a) Organisational charts THE
CASE FIRM Sales_201106 and THE CASE
FIRM Sales Marketing and Brands incl
Business Intelligence_201106. Unpublished
document.
Cepeda, G. & Martin, D. (2005) A Review of Case
Studies Publishing in Management Decision:
Guides and Criteria for Achieving Quality in
Qualitative Research. Management Decision,
(6), 851-876.
Cerny, J. (2016) Information Needs in
Competitive Technical Intelligence. Journal of
Systems Integration, 7(1), 3-12.
Chakraborti, S. & Dey, S. (2016) Multi-level Kmeans
Text Clustering Technique for Topic
Identification for Competitor Intelligence.
IEEE Tenth International Conference on
Research Challenges in Information Science
(RCIS) - Grenoble (France), 1-10.
Chen, E. L., Riitta, K., McDonald, R. &
Eisenhardt, K. M. (2010) Life in the Fast Lane:
Origins of Competitive Interaction in New vs.
Established Markets. Strategic Management
Journal, 31(13), 1527-1547.
Civi, E. (2000) Knowledge Management as a
Competitive Asset - A Review. Marketing
Intelligence and Planning, 18(4), 166-174.
Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Maloney, M., & Manrakhan,
S. (2007) Causes of the Difficulties in
Internationalization. Journal of International
Business Studies, 38(5), 709-725.
Colakoglu, T. (2011) The Problematic Of
Competitive Intelligence: How To Evaluate&
Develop Competitive Intelligence? Procedia
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24(2011),
-1623.
Collins Stewart (2010) Global Trucks: We’ve only
just begun. Collins Stewart.
Connor, T. (2007) Market Orientation and
Performance. Strategic Management Journal,
(9), 957-959.
Creswell, J. W. (2009) Research Design:
Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches. London (UK): Sage Publications
Ltd..
Crowley, E. (2004). Market intelligence versus
marketing research. Quirks Marketing
Reviews.
http://www.quirks.com/articles/a2004/
aspx?searchID=40935096
(Accessed: 27.07.2020).
Datamonitor (2010) Medium and Heavy Trucks -
BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) Industry
Guide. Datamonitor.
Day, G. S. & Wensley, R. (1988) Assessing
Advantage: A Framework for Diagnosing
Competitive Superiority, Journal of
Marketing, 52(2), 1-20.
Dishman, P. L. & Calof, J. L. (2008) Competitive
Intelligence a Multiphasic Precedent to
Marketing Strategy. European Journal of
Marketing, 42(7/8), 766-785.
Dubois, A. & Gadde, L.-E. (2002) Systematic
Combining: An Abductive Approach to Case
Research. Journal of Business Research, 55(/),
-560.
Durand, R. (2003) Predicting a Firm’s
Forecasting Ability. Strategic Management
Journal, 24(9), 821-838.
du Toit, A. S. A (2016) Using Environmental
Scanning to Collect Strategic Information: A
South African Survey. International Journal
of Information Management, 36(1), 16-24.
Eisenhardt, K. M. & Graebner, M. E. (2007)
Theory Building from Cases: Opportunities
and Challenges. Academy of Management
Journal, 50(1), 25–32.
Easton, G. (2010) Critical Realism in Case Study
Research. Industrial Marketing Management,
(1), 118–128.
El-Eid, S. (2006) Competitive Intelligence and Its
Effect on UK Banking Strategy. Thesis (PhD),
Leicester (UK): De Montfort University.
El-Muhtaseb, H. (2018) The Implementation of
Competitor Intelligence: Conceptual
Foundations and Empirical Analyses. Munich
(Germany): Rainer Hampp Verlag.
Ezenwa, O., Stella, A. & Agu , A. O. (2018) Effect
of competitive intelligence on competitive
advantage in Innoson technical and industry
limited, Enugu state, Nigeria. International
Journal of Business, Economics &
Management, 1(1), 26-37.
Fahy, J. (2002) A Resource-Based Analysis of
Sustainable Competitive Advantage in a
Global Environment. International Business
Review, 11(1), pp. 57-78.
Falahata, M., Ramayah, T., Soto-Acostad, P. &
Lee, Y.-Y. (2020) SMEs Internationalization:
The Role of Product Innovation, Market
Intelligence, Pricing and Marketing
Communication Capabilities as Drivers of
SMEs’ International Performance.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change,
(2020), 1-7.
Fatti, A. & du Toit, A.S.A. (2013) Competitive
Intelligence in the South African
Pharmaceutical Industry. Journal of
Intelligence Studies in Business, 3(1), 5-14.
Fleisher, C. S. (2008) Using Open Source Data in
Developing Competitive and Marketing
Intelligence. European Journal of Marketing,
(7/8), 852-866.
Fleisher, C. S., Wright, S. & Allard, H. T. (2008)
The Role of Insight Teams in Integrating
Diverse Marketing Information Management
Techniques. European Journal of Marketing,
(7/8), 836-851.
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006) Five Misunderstandings
about Case-Study Research. Qualitative
Inquiry, 12(2), 219-245.
Gayoso, R. W. & Husar, K. (2008) Buy-side
Market Intelligence Practice:Reflections from
High-Tech Manufacturing. Competitive
Intelligence, 11(2), 26-32.
Ghauri, P.N. & Firth, R. (2009) The formalization
of case study research in international
business. der markt, 48(1-2), 29–40.
Ghoshal, S. & Kim, S. K. (1986) Building
Effective Intelligence Systems for Competitive
Advantage, Sloan Management Review, 28(1),
-58.
Glance, N., Hurst, M., Nigam, K., Siegler, M.,
Stockton, R. & Tomokiyo, T. (2005) Deriving
Marketing Intelligence From Online
Discussion. KDD '05: Proceedings of the11th
ACM SIGKDD International Conference on
Knowledge Discovery in Data Mining, 419-
Global Intelligence Alliance (2011) Market
Intelligence for the Marketing and Sales
Process. GIA Bulletin. Available at:
http://www.globalintelligence.com/insightsanalysis/
bulletins/functions/ (Accessed 22nd
February 2012).
Goeb, J. (2010) Marketing Intelligence Wissen als
Entscheidungsgrundlage im Marketing.
Wiesbaden (Germany): Gabler Verlage |
Springer Fachmedien.
GoldmanSachs (2007) Global Economics Paper
No : 153 The N-11 : More Than an Acronym.
Goldman Sachs Economic Research.
GoldmanSachs (2011) It is Time to Re-define
Emerging Markets. Goldman Sachs Asset
Management.
Grèzes, V. (2015) The Definition of Competitive
Intelligence Needs through a Synthesis Model.
Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business,
(1), 40-56.
Hancock, D. R. & Algozzine, B. (2006) Doing Case
Study Research. New York (US) & London
(UK): Teachers College Press Columbia
University.
Hult, G. T. M, Ketchen, D. J. Jr. & Slater, S.F.
(2005) Market Orientation and Performance:
An Integration of Disparate Approaches.
Strategic Management Journal, 26(12), 1173–
Kuosa, T. (2016) The Evolution of Strategic
Foresight: Navigating Public Policy Making.
New York (USA): Routledge.
Ichijo, K. & Kohlbacher, F. (2008) Tapping Tacit
Local Knowledge in Emerging Markets – The
Toyota way. Knowledge Management
Research and Practice, 6(3), 173-186.
Iden, J., Methlie, L.B. & Christensen, G. E. (2017)
The Nature of Strategic Foresight Research: A
Systematic Literature Review. Technological
Forecasting and Social Change, 116(2017), 87-
Jenster, P. & Solberg Søilen, K. (2013) The
Relationship between Strategic Planning and
Company Performance – A Chinese
Perspective. Journal of Intelligence Studies in
Business, 3(1), 15-30.
Kamya, M. T., Ntayi, J. M. & Ahiauzu, A. (2010)
Knowledge Management and Competitive
Advantage: The Interaction Effect of Market
Orientation. African Journal of Business
Management, 4(14), 2971-2980.
Ketchen, D. J. Jr., Hult, G. T. M. & Slater, S. F.
(2007) Toward Greater Understanding of
Market Orientation and the Resource-Based
View. Strategic Management Journal, 28(9),
–964.
Kern, M. (2009) Schöne Neue Welt. lastauto
omnibus, (2009/03), 56-60.
Koegel Trailer GmbH & Co.KG (2008)
Internationalisierung der Anhänger- und
Aufbautenindustrie – die Branche im Wandel.
Koegel Trailer GmbH and Co.KG.
Köseoglu, M. A., Mehraliyev, F., Altin, M. &
Okumus, F. (2020) Competitor Intelligence
And Analysis (CIA) Model And Online
Reviews: Integrating Big Data Text Mining
With Network Analysis For Strategic
Analysis. Tourism Review, Vol. ahead-of-print
No. ahead-of-print.
Köseoglu, M. A., Ross, G. & Okumus, F. (2016)
Competitive Intelligence Practices in Hotels.
International Journal of Hospitality
Management, 53(2016), 161-172.
Kohli, A. K. & Jaworski, B. J. (1990) Market
Orientation: The Construct, Research
Propositions and Managerial Implications.
Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 1-18.
Kraaijenbrink, J., Spender, J.-C. and Groen, A. J.
(2010) The Resource-Based View: A Review
and Assessment of Its Critiques. Journal of
Management, 36(1), 349-372.
Kyriakopoulos, K. & Moorman, C. (2004)
Tradeoffs in Marketing Exploitation and
Exploration Strategies: The Overlooked Role
of Market Orientation. International Journal
of Research in Marketing, 21(3), 219-240.
KPMG (2006) Die europäische
Nutzfahrzeugindustrie im Zeichen der
Globalisierung. KPMG Deutsche Treuhand-
Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft.
Kumar, V., Jones, E., Venkatesan, R. & Leone, R.
P. (2011) Is Market Orientation a Source of
Sustainable Competitive Advantage or Simply
the Cost of Competing. Journal of Marketing,
(1), 6-30.
Lee, M. & Lee, S. (2017) Identifying New
Business Opportunities From Competitor
Intelligence: An Integrated Use of Patent And
Trademark Databases. Technological
Forecasting and Social Change, 119(2017),
-183.
Leech, N. L. & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2007) An
Array of Qualitative Data Analysis Tools: A
Call for Data Analysis Triangulation. School
Psychology Quarterly, 22(4), 557-584.
Levine, S. S, Bernard, M. & Nagel, R. (2017)
Strategic Intelligence: The Cognitive
Capability to Anticipate Competitor Behavior.
Strategic Management Journal, 38(12), 2390-
Lewis, D. (2006) Marketing Masterclass:
Harnessing Intelligence for Competitive
Advantage, Journal of Medical Marketing,
(4), 276-281.
London, T. & Hart, S. L. (2004) Reinventing
Strategies for Emerging Markets: Beyond the
Transnational Model. Journal of International
Business Studies, 35(5), 350-370.
McGonagle, J. J. (2016) Competitive Intelligence.
The Intelligencer: Journal of U.S. Intelligence
Studies, 22(2), 55-60.
Mandal, P. C. (2017) Marketing Intelligence:
Roles in Business Decision-Making.
International Journal of Business Forecasting
and Marketing Intelligence, 3(4), 433-441.
Mandal, P. C. (2018) Marketing Information and
Marketing Intelligence: Roles in Generating
Customer Insights. International Journal of
Business Forecasting and Marketing
Intelligence, 4(3), 311-321.
Maune, A. (2014) Competitive Intelligence as an
Enabler for Firm Competitiveness: An
Overview. Journal of Governance and
Regulation, 3(2), 29-42.
McEvily, S. K. & Chakravarthy, B. (2002) The
Persistence of Knowledge-Based Advantage:
An Empirical Test for Product Performance
and Technological Knowledge. Strategic
Management Journal, 23(4), 285-305.
McKinsey & Company (2009a) Route 2020 - The
Future of the Global Truck Industry. Expert
survey results. McKinsey & Company.
McKinsey & Company (2009b) Route 2020 - The
Future of the Global Truck Industry.
McKinsey & Company.
McKinsey & Company (2011) Full Speed Ahead:
China Heavy Truck Market. McKinsey &
Company. Available at:
http://autoassembly.mckinsey.com/html/home
/home.asp (Accessed 1st June 2011).
Miles, M.P. & Darroch, J. (2006) Large Firms,
Entrepreneurial Marketing Processes, and the
Cycle of Competitive Advantage. European
Journal of Marketing, 40(5/6), 485-501.
Momeni, A. & Mehrafzoon, M. (2013) Critical
Factors of Competitive Intelligence in the
Power Plant Industry: The Case Study of
MAPNA Group. Journal of Intelligence
Studies in Business, 3(1), 31-43.
Nadkarni, S. & Barr, P. S. (2008) Environmental
Context, Managerial Cognition, and Strategic
Action: An Integrated View. Strategic
Management Journal, 29(13), 1395-1427.
Nasri, W. (2012) Conceptual Model of Strategic
Benefits of Competitive Intelligence Process.
International Journal of Business and
Commerce, 1(6), 25-35.
Ngo, L. V. & O' Cass, A. (2012) Performance
Implications of Market Orientation,
Marketing Resources, and Marketing
Capabilities. Journal of Marketing
Management, 28(1-2), 173-187.
Nte, N. D., Omede, K.N., Enokie, B. K. & Bienose,
O. (2020) Competitive Intelligence and
Competitive Advantage in Pharmaceutical
Firms in Developing Economies: A Review of
Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Management,
economics, and Industrial Organization, 4(1),
-99.
Ottesen, G. G. & Grønhaug, K. (2004) Exploring
the Dynamics of Market Orientation in
Turbulent Environments: A Case Study.
European Journal of Marketing, 38(8), 956-
Oubrich, M., Hakmaouia, A., Bierwolf, R. &
Haddanic, M. (2018) Development of a
competitive intelligence maturity model:
Insights from Moroccan companies. Journal of
Intelligence Studies in Business, 8(1), 25-36.
PA Consulting (2010) Strategische Partnerschaft
in Russland Markteinstieg für bewährte
Nutzfahrzeugfamilie in den russischen Markt.
PA Consulting Group.
P
apulovaa, Z. & Gazovaa, A. (2016) Role of
Strategic Analysis in Strategic Decision-
Making. Procedia Economics and Finance,
(2016), 571-579.
Peteraf, M. A. & Bergen, M. E. (2003) Scanning
Dynamic Competitive Landscapes: A Market-
Based and Resource-Based Framework.
Strategic Management Journal, 24(10), 1027-
Peyrot, M., Childs, N., Van Doren, D. & Allen, K.
(2002) An Empirically Based Model of
Competitor Intelligence Use. Journal of
Business Research, 55(9), 747-758.
Pillania, R. K. (2009) Multinationals and
Emerging Markets. Business Strategy Series,
(2), 100-103.
Poblano Ojinaga, E. R. (2018) Exploratory Study
of Competitive Intelligence in Mexico. Journal
of Intelligence Studies in Business, 8(2), 22-31.
Prior, V. (2009) Intelligence Glossary. Available
at: http://scip.cms-plus.com/files/Prior%20
Intelligence%20Glossary %2009Jan.pdf
(Accessed 27th December 2009).
Qiu, T. (2008) Scanning for Competitive
Intelligence a Managerial Perspective.
European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 814-
Qu, S. Q. & Dumay, J. (2011) The Qualitative
Research Interview. Qualitative Research in
Accounting and Management, 8(3), 238-264.
Rakthina, S., Calantone, R. J. & FengWang, J.
(2016) Managing Market Intelligence: The
Comparative Role of Absorptive Capacity and
Market Orientation. Journal of Business
Research, 69(12), 5569-5577.
Roland Berger Strategy Consultants (2009a)
Automotive Insights - Automotive Innovation
made in BRIC. Roland Berger Strategy
Consultants Automotive Competence Center.
Available at: http://www.rolandberger.at/
publications/publications/ 2009-05-19-
Automotive_inSIGHT_special_01_2009.html
(Accessed 01st June 2011).
Roland Berger Strategy Consultants (2009b)
Truck industry 2020: The Future is Global.
Roland Berger Strategy Consultants.
Available at
http://www.rolandberger.com/expertise/indus
tries/automotive/truck_manufacturers/ 2009-
-09-rbsc-pub-Truck_industry_2020.html
(Accessed 01st June 2011).
Rohrbeck, R., Heinrich, A. M. & Heuer, J. (2007)
Strategic Foresight in Multinational
Enterprises – A Case Study on the Deutsche
Telekom Laboratories. MPRA Paper 5700,
University of Munich (Germany).
Rothberg, H. N. & Erickson, G. S. (2012)
Benchmarking Competitive Intelligence
Activity. Journal of Intelligence Studies in
Business, 2(3), 5-11.
Rowley, J. (2012) Conducting Research
Interviews. Management Research Review,
(3/4), 260-271.
Saayman, A., Pienaar J., Pelsmacker, P. de
Viviers, W., Cuyvers, L., Muller, M.-L. &
Jegers, M. (2008) Competitive Intelligence:
Construct Exploration, Validation and
Equivalence, In: Aslib Proceedings: New
Information Perspectives, 60(4), 83-411.
Saddhono, K., Chin, J., Tchuykova, N. M., Qadri,
M. N. and Wekke, I. S. (2019) Competitive
Intelligence: Systematic Collection and
Analysis of Information. Journal of Critical
Reviews, 6(5), 155-159.
Salvador, M. R. & Bañuelos, M. A. T. (2012)
Applying Patent Analysis with Competitive
Technical Intelligence: The Case of Plastics.
Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business,
(1), 51-58.
Salvador, M. R. and Reyes, M. A. B. (2011)
Methodology of Integration for Competitive
Technical Intelligence with Blue Ocean
Strategy: Application to an exotic fruit.
Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business,
(1), 29-39.
Seguraab, E., Moralesab, R. & Somolinosb, J. A.
(2018) A Strategic Analysis of Tidal Current
Energy Conversion Systems in the European
Union. Applied Energy, 212, 527-551.
Seyyed Amiri, N., Shirkavand, S., Chalak, M. &
Rezaeei, N. (2017) Competitive Intelligence
and Developing Sustainable Competitive
Advantage. AD-minister, 30 (January-June),
-194.
Shujahat, M., Hussain, S., Jared, S., Malik, M. I.,
Thurasamy, R. & Ali, J. (2017) Strategic
Management Model with Lens of Knowledge
Management and Competitive Intelligence: A
review approach. VINE Journal of
Information and Knowledge Management
Systems, 47(1), 55-93.
Solberg Søilen, K. S. (2017) Why Care About
Competitive Intelligence and Market
Intelligence? The Case of Ericsson and the
Swedish Cellulose Company. Journal of
Intelligence Studies in Business, 7(2), 27-39.
Stan, M. (2017) Strategic Foresight In
Intelligence. Studia Securitatis, 2(2), 100-109.
Tao, Q. & Prescott, J. E. (2000) China:
Competitive Intelligence Practices in an
Emerging Market Environment. Competitive
Intelligence Review, 11(4), 65-78.
Thomas, L. G. & D’Aveni, R. (2009) The Changing
Nature of Competition in the U.S.
Manufacturing Sector, 1950 to 2002. Strategic
Organization, 7(4), 387-431.
Trim, P. R. J. (2004) The Strategic Corporate
Intelligence and Transformational Marketing
Model. Marketing Intelligence and Planning,
(2), 240-256.
Van Birgelen, M., de Ruyter, K. & Wetzels, M.
(2000) The Impact of Incomplete Information
on the Use of Marketing Research Intelligence
in International Service Settings: An
Experimental Study. Journal of Research
Service, 2(4), 372-388.
Van Wynsberghe , R. & Khan, S. (2007)
Redefining Case Study. International Journal
of Qualitative Methods, 6(2), 80-94.
VDA (2006) Wachstum und Chancen in der
internationalen Nutzfahrzeugindustrie,
Frankfurt (Germany): VDA.
Vissak, T. (2010) Recommendations for Using the
Case
Study Method in International Business
Research. The Qualitative Report, 15(2), 370-
Voola, R. & O’Cass, A. (2008) Implementing
Competitive Strategies: The Role of
Responsive and Proactive Market
Orientations. European Journal of Marketing,
(1/2), 245-266.
Walle, A. H. (1999) From marketing research to
competitive intelligence: useful generalization
or loss of focus? Management Decision, 37(6),
-525,
Walsh, P. F. (2017) Improving Strategic
Intelligence Analytical Practice Through
Qualitative Social Research. Journal
Intelligence and National Security, 32(5), 548-
Wright, S. (2013), Converting input to insight:
organising for Intelligence-Based Competitive
Advantage, pp. 1-35 in Wright, S. (Ed),
Competitive Intelligence, Analysis and
Strategy: Creating Organisational Agility.
Abingson (UK): Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
Wright, S. & Calof, J. L. (2006) The Quest for
Competitive, Business and Marketing
Intelligence: A Country Comparison of
Current Practice. European Journal of
Marketing, 40(5/6), 453-465.
Yin, R.K. (2003) Case Study Research, Design and
Methods. Newbury Park (US): Sage
Publications.
Zhang, Y, Robinson, D. K. R., Porter, A.L., Zhu,
D., Zhang, G. & Lu, J. (2016) Technology
Roadmapping for Competitive Technical
Intelligence. Technological Forecasting and
Social Change, 110 , 175-186.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
